Medical assistance in dying (MAID) remains one of Canada’s most debated social policies. This 2024 BMJ Open study surveyed more than 2,000 adults to measure understanding and support for MAID when it is *not* a last resort — for example, when patients refuse treatment or cannot access care. Although 73 percent of Canadians expressed general support, only 12 percent possessed accurate knowledge of the law. Most participants incorrectly believed that MAID required a terminal diagnosis. When presented with specific cases involving treatment refusal or poverty, support dropped to between 23 and 32 percent. Respondents overwhelmingly felt MAID should be limited to end-of-life situations and should never compensate for inadequate health or social services. Older, wealthier, and less-religious Canadians were the most supportive in principle but also the most cautious in controversial contexts. Those with disabilities or chronic illness expressed concern that expanding MAID might devalue lives already marginalized by inequality. The authors conclude that public approval of MAID often rests on misconceptions. While Canadians broadly endorse compassion in dying, most reject its use as a substitute for care. The study calls for public education to close the gap between law, ethics, and social reality — ensuring that the right to die never replaces the right to live with dignity. Produced by Cognivault — insight, intelligence, and innovation made clear.