They’re cheap, convenient, and everywhere — but what are ultra-processed foods doing to us? This 2024 umbrella review in *BMJ* analyzed 45 meta-analyses covering nearly 10 million participants to quantify the damage. Individuals with the highest intake of ultra-processed foods faced up to a 50 percent higher risk of cardiovascular death and a 21 percent higher risk of all-cause mortality. Every 10 percent increase in consumption raised the likelihood of type 2 diabetes by 12 percent. The evidence also linked ultra-processed diets to obesity, depression, and anxiety, suggesting mechanisms that go beyond simple calorie imbalance. Industrial processing introduces additives and contaminants that disrupt metabolism and inflammation. High energy density and engineered palatability drive overeating by about 500 extra calories per day. The global spread of these products — especially in low-income countries — is widening health inequalities. The authors urge governments to treat ultra-processed food as a public-health priority: implement warning labels, taxation, and advertising restrictions, while supporting local food systems and education. They call for policy frameworks that recognize processing itself as a determinant of health. Their message is clear: ultra-processed foods are not benign conveniences but major drivers of chronic disease and early death. Reducing exposure could add years to millions of lives — and save billions in healthcare costs. Produced by Cognivault — insight, intelligence, and innovation made clear.